Set of eight Chinese export porcelain mugs after a 16th century stoneware European form, manufactured from 1680 until 1750.

Set of eight Chinese export porcelain mugs after a 16th century stoneware European form from the Rhine region (Germany) manufactured from 1660 until 1750.

Dating and decoration (from top to bottom, left to right):

1. c. 1660 from Dehua (blanc-de-Chine), h. 9,5 cm;

2. c. 1700 from Jingdezhen, under-glaze cobalt blue (qinghua), h. 10 cm, base with flower mark;

3. c. 1700 from Jingdezhen, translucent enamels (wucai), h. 10 cm, base with flower mark;

4. c. 1720 from Jingdezhen, Imari palette, h. 10 cm, base with flower mark;

5. c. 1720 from Jingdezhen, under-glaze blue and translucent enamels (doucai), h. 10 cm, base with flower mark;

6. c. 1740 from Jingdezhen, Imari palette, h. 10,5 cm;

7. c. 1740 from Jingdezhen, opaque enamels (fencai), h. 10,5 cm;

8. c. 1750 from Jingdezhen, under-glaze cobalt blue (qinghua) h. 10,5 cm.

The silver mug is English and dated 1690.

Illustrated: 100 Years of Chinese Export Porcelain, by A. Varela Santos, 2014/2015, cat. 31.

Literature:

• China Trade Porcelain: Patterns of Exchange, by C. le Corbeiller, pp. 22/23 for an early discussion about this form and a Dehua example;

• Chinese Porcelain: Periods of K’ang Hsi, Yung Chéng and Ch’ien Lung, by W.B. Honey, London 1927, plate 109d for a similar Dehua mug redecorated in Europe;

• Later Chinese Porcelain, by S. Jenyns, plate CXIX, 1a for a similar Dehua mug;

• Chinese Export Art, by M. Jourdain and R.S. Jenyns, London 1950, p. 124, cat. 103 for a similar Dehua mug;

• Ancient Chinese Trade Porcelain from The British Museum, London, by R. Krahl and J. Harrison, Taipei1994, pp. 328/329 for a similar Dehua mug redecorated in Europe;

• A Winterthur Guide to Chinese Export Porcelain, by A.M. Palmer, New York 1976, p. 45, fig. 13 for a Dehua mug.

◆ This mug is one of the European forms in production in China with the longest longevity. In Europe it was also made in different mediums (faience, silver, pewter, stoneware, etc.) during an unusually long time. It took twenty-five years for a collector to put together this group and to establish, within a certain assurance, all the different decorations applied to the same model. Some types are rarer than others, which should mimic the number manufactured in each period, as the wastage should be about the same.

After the mid-18th century this type was completely replaced by larger mugs of different forms.

中國外銷瓷茶缸一套八件, 器型仿16世紀歐洲萊恩地區 (德國) 粗陶, 1680年至1750年間燒造。

具體 時間與紋飾 (從上至下從左至右):

1. 約1680年, 德化瓷, 高9.5 釐米;

2. 約1700年, 景德鎮, 釉下鈷青料 (青花), 高10 釐米, 底落花押款

3. 約1700年, 景德鎮, 半透明釉上彩 (五彩), 高10 釐米, 底落花押款

4. 約1720年, 景德鎮, 伊萬里彩料, 高10 釐米, 底落花押款

5. 約1720年, 景德鎮, 青花加半透明釉上彩 (斗彩), 高10釐米, 底落花押款

6. 約1740年, 景德鎮, 伊萬里彩料, 高10.5 釐米

7. 約1740年, 景德鎮, 不透明釉上彩 (粉彩), 高10.5 釐米

8. 約1750年, 景德鎮, 釉下鈷青料 (青花), 高10.5 釐米

銀制茶缸為英國制, 1690年

插图: 《百年中国外销瓷》 阿.瓦瑞拉.桑托斯, 2014/2015, 目录 31。

參考文獻:

• 《中國貿易瓷: 圖案交換》, 作者 C. le Corbeiller, 參見第22/23頁對該器型的早期 論述及一德化瓷 佐證 ;

•《康雍乾三朝中國瓷器》，作者W.B. Honey，1927年倫敦出版，見彩圖109d一件在歐洲後加彩的近似德化窯馬克杯；

•《晚期中國瓷器》，作者S. Jenyns，見彩圖119，1a一件近似德化窯馬克杯；

•《中國外銷藝術》，作者M. Jourdain及R.S. Jenyns，1950年倫敦出版，見124頁，編號103一 件近似德化窯馬克杯；

•《倫敦大英博物館藏中國古貿易瓷》，作者R. Krahl及J. Harrison，1994年台北出版，見328/329 頁一件在歐洲后加彩的近似德化窯馬克杯；

•《溫特圖爾中國外銷瓷導讀》，作者A.M. Palmer，1976年紐約出版，見45頁，圖13一件德 化窯馬克杯。

◆ 此茶缸是中國生產的生命力最長的歐洲器型之一。在歐洲一段十分漫長的時間里, 該器型被 各種不同材料所採用 (彩陶、銀、白臘、粗陶等)。這組瓷器是一位收藏家花了25年時 間集齊的, 大致可以肯定, 它們涵蓋了同一器型的所有紋飾形式。有些品種比其它品種更加珍稀, 這反映出 每一時期的生產量,因為各款瓷器的消耗量應基本持平。18世紀中葉以後,此類器皿完全由更大號的其它器型的茶缸所取代。